16 Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

　　1. describe the two pictures;

　　2. interpret their meaning;

　　3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.

　　You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　在寫作中，審題這個環節是非常重要的。在圖畫作文中，我們不僅要仔細審視圖畫，還應將英文的提綱看清楚。這篇文章配了雙圖，雙圖多是表示對比關系，這里是凸顯時間的先后。提綱包括三個部分：描寫圖畫、闡釋含義和指出后果，這就決定了我們文章的結構走向。Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one, a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said, “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered, “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture, a policeman is asking those who were present, “Why didn�餿 send him to hospital?” The first one said, “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said, “I was hurrying to school.”

　　It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes, their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers, even their lives.

　　This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First, when people refuse to take care of the strangers, the danger of accidents will be much higher, because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time, and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second, the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.

　　If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves. 這篇文章最終寫成了四段，結構非常清晰。第一段分別描寫了兩副圖畫，語言簡潔流暢。注意這一段不宜過長。

　　第二段是測度作者的意圖，共三句話，第一句是一個經典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to… 這句話直指圖畫所揭示的社會現象，后面兩句來具體說明：先說許多人千方百計找理由以逃避幫助他人；然后解釋原因，他們認為……注意段中句子之間的邏輯關系，這是非常重要的。

　　第三段寫了該現象引起的有害的后果，該段的首句是個經典的模板句，后分兩點來說明。第一點說明當人們不愿意幫助他人時，事故所造成的危險就會大得多，因為那樣的話每個人能依靠的人(即親人和朋友)是非常有限的。這一點的第二句話是個難句，展現了很強的句子內部的邏輯，希望大家用心學習。這句話的意思是：每個人都會遇到事故，而相互幫助可以避免大部分的事故造成毀滅性的后果。到這里，我們可以看出，思想是由語言表達的，要想深刻地表達思想，一定要多模仿、多操練。第二點是從更廣闊的角度去考慮問題，說明獲得幸福生活的可能性減小了。社會充滿了自私的人們，獲得成功的社會成本陡增。

　　末段是結語——如果我們想要享受幸福的生活，就應向他人(包括陌生人)伸出援手。

　　第二段的第二句中的shirk one�餾 responsibility表示“逃避責任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“緊急情況”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大損害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面臨”。最后一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成為一種習慣”。1.文章的結構層次一定要清楚，這是充分理解提綱與圖畫構成語境的結果。

　　2.學習寫作主從復合句，充分理解句子內部的邏輯關系。通過本文，重點學習條件狀語從句。

　　典型的條件狀語從句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people.

　　嵌套原因狀語從句的條件狀語從句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.