【真題例句】Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”， like the concept of “set”

　　in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete

　　research and understanding. (2003-65)

　　【結構分析】本句的主干是一個主系表結構，主語和系動詞被介賓短語like the concept of “set” in mathematics所作的狀語分隔，連接后為the anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept…，其中表語abstract concept由which引導的定語從句which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding修飾，在從句中，which代替concept作主語。

　　【參考譯文】因此，就像數學中“集合”的概念一樣，人類學中“文化”的概念是一個抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認識成為可能。

　　【真題例句】He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in

　　noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully。” (2008-49)

　　【結構分析】本句為復合句。主句為He adds humbly that…，其中adds的賓語部分由that引導的賓語從句充當。在此賓語從句中，兩個介賓短語in noticing things 和 in observing them carefully都作狀語，關系代詞which引導的定語從句which easily escape attention修飾先行詞things，which在從句指代things作主語。

　　【參考譯文】他謙卑地補充道，或許他“和普通人比起來，更能夠注意到那些別人不容易注意到的細節，并對此加以詳細地觀察”。

　　3。關系代詞與介詞一起用，介詞提前時，只用which。

　　(1)從句中謂語部分成分提前

　　【真題例句】With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for

　　whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on

　　which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature。(2000閱讀3)

　　【結構分析】本句包含兩個并列分句。前一分句為the case is rather difficult，后一分句whatever Futurist poetry may be…(直到句末)由for連接，表示原因。在此分句中，whatever引導讓步狀語從句，兩個破折號之間的插入部分，為分詞結構所作的讓步狀語。admitting后的賓語由從句that the theory…may be right充當，該賓語從句的主語theory由which引導的定語從句修飾，which指代先行詞theory在從句中作謂語部分be based on(以……為基礎，根據)的賓語，表現為介詞on提前。句首的介賓短語With regard to Futurist poetry作全句的狀語。

　　【參考譯文】但是，就未來派詩歌而言，情況卻相當不同了，因為無論未來派詩歌為何物——即使承認其理論根據可能是正確的，也很難稱其為文學作品。

　　【真題例句】Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates

　　(patterns) into which they plug each day’s events。(2001閱讀3)

　　【結構分析】本句為主從復合句，主句為Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)。關系代詞which引導定語從句into which they plug each day’s events修飾先行詞a set of standard templates，which在定語從句中指代先行詞作into的賓語(into提前)，我們可將其還原為plug each day’s events into(a set of standard templates)。

　　【參考譯文】多數新聞記者都學著用一套標準的模式去看待世界，并把每天發生的事件納入這種模式。

　　【真題例句】What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop

　　the science from which such a technology might be drawn。(2002英譯漢)