【參考譯文】不少醫生似乎對病人所遭受的毫無必要的、可預見的痛苦無動于衷，甚至達到了“蓄意虐待病人”的程度。

　　【真題例句】Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promise in return to

　　abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. (2007完形)

　　【結構分析】本句的兩個謂語had received aid…和had promise in return to…由and并列。在第二個謂語中，地點狀語 in the areas…后跟省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句he liberated，關系代詞在從句中指代areas作liberated的賓語。

　　【參考譯文】玻利瓦爾得到海地的援助，作為回報，他承諾在自己解放的地區廢除奴隸制。

　　【真題例句】Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things

　　they’ve apparently learned is when to stop。(2009完形)

　　【結構分析】本句包含and并列的兩個分句。在第二個分句中，主干為one of the things is when to stop。主語things由省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句they’ve apparently learned所修飾，關系代詞指代things在從句中作learn的賓語。注意is后的表語使用了when+to+do形式。

　　【參考譯文】許多其他的物種也有學習能力，很顯然他們學到的東西之一就是知道何時停止。

　　【真題例句】Instead of casting a wistful glance backward at

　　all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.wise, it implicitly asks what the real

　　costs of our own intelligence might be。(2009完形)

　　【結構分析】本句主干在逗號后，為it implicitly asks what the real costs of our own intelligence might be，其中賓語部分由what引導的名詞性從句充當，what在從句中作表語。句首部分是介賓短語所作的狀語，其中包含省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句we’ve left in the dust I.Q.�瞱ise，修飾先行詞species，關系代詞指代先行詞在從句中作left的賓語。

　　【參考譯文】這個試驗不是去回顧那些被我們劃為低智商的物種，而是含蓄在問我們自己智力的真正代價是什么。

　　7.who/whom和whose引導的定語從句

　　(1)關系代詞who引導的定語從句，該關系代詞指人，可以在定語從句中作主語、賓語等。

　　【真題例句】Hofstader says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who

　　“joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to

　　identify with children who show the least intellectual promise。”(2004閱讀4)

　　【結構分析】本句主干為Hofstader says…，其中says后的賓語由省略了that的賓語從句our country’s educational system is in the grips of people…充當，這是一個主系表結構，其中表語中people后跟一個who引導的定語從句who joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children…，關系代詞who指代先行詞people，在從句中作主語。這里我們注意到此從句的謂語動詞proclaim后的賓語由and并列，分別為their hostility to intellect和 their eagerness to identify with children。前一個to為介詞，與名詞intellect構成介詞短語后置作定語，后一個to是不定式短語，對eagerness進行修飾，也是后置作定語，句末的定語從句who show the least intellectual promise 修飾先行詞children，在從句中，關系代詞who指代children在從句中作主語。